英國陸軍是什麼

英國陸軍（British Army），英國軍隊的地面武裝部隊，是從蘇格蘭與英格蘭的武裝部隊、政經文架構，在1707年合併為大不列顛王國時形成。至2006年止，英國陸軍人數大約為十萬七千七百三十名正規軍士兵，及三萬八千四百六十名地方自衛隊士兵。英國陸軍經常被部署於全球每一角落的戰地參與戰鬥部隊、多國聯軍、或聯合國維持和平部隊行動。


相對三軍中其餘兩支部隊，基於地面部隊起原於不同擁有「皇家」頭銜的軍團(Regiments)，英國陸軍不用「皇家」的頭銜。

歷史
The nickname for a British soldier for several centuries was 'Tommy Atkins' or 'Tommy' for short. Present day soldiers are called 'Toms' or just 'Tom' within the services. Outside the services soldiers are generally known as 'Squaddies'. The British Army magazine Soldier has a regular cartoon strip, 'Tom', featuring the everyday life of a British soldier. Officers in the army are generally known as 'Ruperts' by the Other ranks.

海外訓練



關於淘汰及古代的英國陸軍裝備，請參閱古代英國陸軍裝備和制服。

個人武器

SA80步槍系列 - SA80A2、L86A2、L98A1。

40毫米口徑L17A1/A2榴彈發射器
雷明登M870散彈槍
FN Minimi輕機槍
迫擊炮 - 51毫米及81毫米
L7A2 GPMG重型機槍
精密國際制造的L96A1、L115A1、AW50F等的狙擊步槍。
L82A1點50吋口徑狙擊步槍
M16A2自動步槍
L9A1半自動手槍
戰車

Land Rover Wolf及Defender
挑戰者2主戰坦克；Warrior步兵戰車；Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked)系列的步兵戰車；殺神和FV430系列的裝甲輸送車。
火炮及防空系統

英國陸軍三大炮類系統：三十公里射程的MLRS；AS-90自行式火炮；105毫米L118輕型火炮。
輕劍式FSC飛彈系統、Starstreak HVM地對空飛彈。
英國陸軍航空兵(Army Air Corp/AAC) - 提供陸軍地面部隊直接支援；皇家空軍提供其餘包括戰略運送支援。

WAH-64阿帕奇攻擊直升機
山貓AH-7直升機，提供多樣支援任務；可配上八枚拖式反坦克飛彈。
Bell 212及Agusta A109直升機
Gazelle直升機；提供戰地低空偵察。
Britten-Norman Islander - 主要提供北愛爾蘭低空偵察。
補給裝備

DROPS
越野路華 (TUL/TUM)
ATMP
電子及通訊設備

MSTAR
Bowman數碼電子通訊系統
Skynet 5衛星通訊系統
Spyglass Thermal Imager
Cobra Artillery Location Radar - 提供火炮位置

裝備
See main article: Structure of the British Army
英國陸軍組織架構，由於屬下單位不同成立的因素，導至非常複雜。 全架構由正規及後備軍人組成兩大平行(parallel)組織 - 行政及行動。
行政: 軍，一個功能性組織，例如皇家訊號團(Royal Corps of Signals)。
行動: 英國陸軍有三大行動指揮部：陸地指揮部、陸務總處、及、北愛爾蘭總部。
軍，由兩個師或以上組成。
或者：
以下是在2006年十月時的英國陸軍編制，有少許軍團(regiments)需跟從2003年英國國防白皮書Delivering Security in a Changing World合併或解散。

師 管核某地區內全部陸軍單位，例如管轄蘇格蘭北英格蘭的陸軍第二師。

旅 - 無作戰單位。

團 - 集合幾個營的綜合單位。
師，從兩或三個旅、師總部、支援單位組成，由一名陸軍少將指揮。 師級的軍事單位被視為英國最高的軍事組織規模；例如陸軍第三機械師。

旅，從兩或三個營、營總部、有牽連的支援單位組成；由一名陸軍準將(brigadier)指揮。 例如三軍直升機指揮部(Joint Helicopter Command)屬下的第十六空中特擊旅 (16 Air Assault Brigade)

約數共有七百名士兵，由五個連組成的營；由一名陸軍中校(lieutenant colonel)指揮。
主力組 (battlegroup) - 一組約六百至七百人，以裝甲/步兵營(團)為中心架構(specific task)的混合部隊；齊集裝甲、步兵、火炮、工程、及支援單位；由一名陸軍中校(lieutenant colonel)指揮。

連組成一百名士兵，通常由一名陸軍少校(major)指揮。

排組成三十名士兵，通常由一名陸軍上尉(lieutenant)或中尉率領。

由下士率領的八至十人小隊。

編制及組織架構

御林騎兵 (Household Cavalry Regiment and Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment)

The Life Guards
The Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons)
皇家裝甲軍 (Royal Armoured Corps) - 以騎兵隊(Troop)和中隊為下屬單位的軍團(Regiment)。


重型裝甲

女皇御准重騎衛兵團
皇家蘇格蘭重騎衛兵團
皇家重騎衛兵團


戰地裝甲偵察

女皇御准輕騎兵團
威爾斯親王御准第九/十二長矛輕騎兵團
英皇御准輕騎兵團
輕型重騎兵團
女皇御准長矛輕騎兵團


皇家坦克軍團(The Royal Tank Regiment)

皇家坦克軍團第一營
皇家坦克軍團第二營

裝甲部隊

御林兵

近衛步兵團 - 一營
Coldstream Guards - 一營
蘇格蘭衛兵團 - 一營
愛爾蘭衛兵團 - 一營
威爾斯衛兵團 - 一營
戰列及輕型步兵

皇家蘇格蘭軍團 - 五營
威爾斯皇妃御准軍團 - 兩營
蘭開夏公爵御准軍團 - 三營(Jul 06-Feb 07)
皇家步兵團 (The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers) - 兩營
皇家盎格魯軍團 - 兩營
來福槍團 - 五營
約克郡軍團 - 3 battalions
第二十二(柴郡)軍團 - 一營
皇家威爾斯軍團 - 兩營
皇家愛爾蘭軍團 - 一營
The Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters (29th/45th Foot)軍團 - 一營
史塔福郡軍團 - 一營
傘兵軍團 - 三營(1 Battalion forms part of SFSG)
皇家廓爾喀來福槍團 - 兩營
皇家直布羅陀軍團 - 一營
廓尔喀雇佣兵部队建设 -长备3700人

步兵
A number of element of the British Army use alternative terms for Battalion, Company and Platoon.

戰地支援組織

皇家炮兵團 - unique in using the term Regiment in place of both Corps and Battalion, they also replace Company with Battery and Platoon with Troop.
皇家工程團 - who use Regiment, Squadron and Troop.
皇家訊號團 - who use Regiment, Squadron and Troop.
陸軍航空兵
陸軍情報團
服務組織

皇家陸軍牧師部
皇家補給團 - who use Regiment, Squadron and Troop.
皇家陸軍醫療團
皇家機械工程團
陸軍陸務署
皇家獸醫團
武器訓練學校
皇家牙醫團
陸軍體訓團
總務管理團
亞歷山大皇后御准陸軍護士團
Corps of Army Music|陸軍音樂團

支援組織
英國陸軍向英國特種部隊指揮部提供兩個特種部隊結構：
由1941年成立的著名部隊，SAS日後成為世界各地特種部隊的模範。 現時特別空勤隊由一支正規團及兩支地方自衛隊(後備)團。
特別空勤隊正規團，第二十二團包含A、B、D、G及後備五支大隊；另加一訓練部。 軍團專責戰空深度偵察及倩報搜集、目標確認及蹤跡、目標毀滅及拒制。 而軍團的反恐專責被確認為全球反恐、人質營救、目標俘虜的首屈一指專家。
兩支特別空勤隊(後備)團：第二十一SAS團和第二十三SAS團的專責限於戰空跟目標深度偵察。
由現有資源，包括陸軍傘兵團第一營、皇家海軍陸戰隊、和皇家空軍的單位，在2005年成立的Special Reconnaissance Regiment(SRR)專責目標近距離偵察和監視工作。

特別空勤隊 Special Air Service Regiment
Special Reconnaissance Regiment

特種部隊
The Army mainly recruits within the United Kingdom, and normally has a recruitment target of around 25,000 soldiers per year. Low unemployment in Britain has resulted in the Army having difficulty in meeting its target, and in the early years of the 21st century there has been a marked increase in the number of recruits from other (mostly Commonwealth) countries, who as of mid-2004 comprised approximately 7.5% of the Army's total strength. By 2005 this number had risen to almost 10%. There were 6,460 foreign soldiers from 54 countries in the Army (not counting over 3,000 Nepalese Gurkhas). After Nepal, the nation with most citizens in the British Army is Fiji, with 1,965, followed by Jamaica with 975; soldiers also come from more prosperous countries such as Australia and South Africa (650) (However, recent proposals by the South African government may in future bar South African citizens from serving within the militaries of foreign states. The British government has appealed against this move). The Caribbean island of St Lucia, which has a population of just over 150,000, provides 220 soldiers..

招募
The British Army does not have its own specific ensign, unlike the Royal Navy, which uses the White Ensign, and the RAF, which uses the Royal Air Force Ensign. Instead, the Army has different flags and ensigns, for the entire army and the different regiments and corps. The official flag of the Army as a whole is the Union Flag, flown in ratio 3:5. A non-ceremonial flag also exists, which is used at recruiting events, military events and exhibitions. Whilst at war, the Union Flag is always used, and this flag represents the Army on the Cenotaph in Whitehall, London (the UK's memorial to war dead). A British Army ensign also exists for vessels commanded by a commissioned officer, the Blue Ensign defaced with the Army badge. However, there are currently no commissioned vessels in the Army.
Each line regiment (except the Rifle Regiments) also has its own flags, known as the Colours - the Regimental Colour and the Queen's Colour. These colours have been taken into battle in the past and give pride to the regiment. There is great variation in the designs of different regimental colours. Typically the colour has the regiment's badge in the centre.

Flags and ensigns
Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO/Army/BlankTemplate:Ranks and Insignia of NATO/Army/United Kingdom
Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/BlankTemplate:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armies/OR/United Kingdom
Every regiment and corps has its own distinctive insignia, such as cap badge, beret and stable belt.
Throughout the army there are many official specialisms. They do not affect rank, but they do affect pay bands.

Now an honorary or wartime rank only.

Ranks, specialisms and insignia
Numerous military units were raised historically in British territories, including self-governing and Crown colonies, and protectorates. Few of these have appeared on the Army List, and their relationship to the British Army has been ambiguous. Whereas Dominions, such as Canada and Australia, raised their own armies, Crown possessions (like the Channel Islands), and colonies (now called Overseas Territories) were, and are, legally part of the UK, and their defence remains the responsibility of the National (ie., United Kingdom) government. All military forces of overseas territories are, therefore, under the direct command of the UK Government, via the local Governor and Commander-In-Chief. Many of the units in colonies, or former colonies, were also actually formed at the behest of the UK Government as it sought to reduce the deployment of the British Army on garrison around the world at the latter end of the 19th Century. Today, three overseas territories retain locally-raised military units, Bermuda, Gibraltar, and the Falkland Islands. The units are patterned on the British Army, are subject to review by the Ministry Of Defence, and are ultimately under the control of the UK Government, not the local governments of the Territories (though day-to-day control may be delegated to Ministers of the territorial governments). Despite this, the units may have no tasking or funding from the MOD, and are generally raised under acts of the territorial assemblies.



en:Bermuda Regiment
en:Royal Gibraltar Regiment
en:Falkland Islands Defence Force

海外領土成立的軍事單位

英國國防部
Redcoat
en:Territorial Army
Volunteer Army
en:British military history
en:British Army Casualties during Operation TELIC
皇家海軍
皇家空軍
英國特種部隊
Modern equipment and uniform of the British Army
Army Rugby Union

參閱



英國陸軍官方網站
英國戰爭紀念計劃
The National Archives of Scotland: Doing research. Guides. Military records.
Regiments.Org內英國陸軍各軍及團單位概要
第一次世界大戰時的英國陸軍
關於英國陸軍內謠傳的網站
的英國陸軍during the Napoleonic Wars
Tom Wall, New Statesman, 6 December 2004, "Our boy soldiers"
陸軍皇家工程博物館 - 講述皇家工程的歷史