鞑靼语，又称塔塔尔语(Tatarça)，属于阿尔泰语系，本来用西里尔字母，由 2000年起改用土耳其式拉丁字母。是鞑靼地区使用的语言。俄罗斯政府规定鞑靼语采用西里尔字母，但遭到鞑靼斯坦政府强烈反对。
語音系統
Tatar has 16 vowel symbols representing a variable number of sounds. As a Turkic language, Tatar exhibits vowel harmony, with some of the vowels considered front and others back.
Front vowels: ä [æ~ə], â [æ], e [e], é [ɛ], i [i], ó [ø], ö [œ], ü [y]
Back vowels: a [ɑ~ʌ], á [ɑ], í [ɯɪ], ı [ɯ~ɨ:], o [o~o:], u–ú [u]
The usage of í, â, á, ó, ú, é is not universal, and sometimes ıy, a, ya, yo, yu and e are used instead.
Some of them are found only in Slavic loanwords, such as é, ó, long o, long ı. Acute in á, ó, ú denotes palatalisation, but sometimes a palatalisated consonant is marked by following y before the vowel. This is only a problem for Russian loanwords.
The commonly pronounced 10 vowels are native Tatar vowels: a–ä, u–ü, í–i, o–ö, ı–e. The last two pairs considered to be short vowels. They also could mean a long vowels, but only in loanwords. [ə] and [ʌ] are not considered to be an independent vowels. Loaned vowels considered to be back vowels.
母音
Most of these phonemes are common to or have equivalents in all Turkic languages.
The phonemes /f/, /x/ and /ʒ/ were borrowed from Arabic and European languages in the Middle Ages, while /v/ was borrowed in the beginning of 20th century. Differentiation between /h/ and /x/ appeared in the 10th century with the appearance of the word Allah and the strongest influence of Arabic and Persian languages. During the atheistic Soviet period, the occurrence of /h/ greatly reduced.
子音
While the consonants [ʒ], [f] and [v] are not native to Tatar, they are well established. However, Tatars usually substitute fricatives for affricates, for example [ʃʲ] for [ʧ], [ʒ] or [ʒʲ] for [ʤ] and [s] for [ʦ]. Nevertheless, literary traditions recommend pronunciation of affricates in loanwords.
[ʔ] (hamza) is a sound found in Arabic loanwords and Islamic prayers. It is usually pronounced as [e] in loanwords.
外來語發音規則
Palatalisation is not common in the Tatar language. As a result, Tatar speakers have no problem using the Arabic and Jaŋalif scripts, neither of which has an accepted method for indicating palatisation.
In general, Russian words with palatalisation have entered into the speech of bilingual Tatars since the 1930s. When writing in the Cyrillic alphabet Russian words were spelled as they were in the Russian language. In today's Latin orthography, palatalisation is sometimes represented by an acute diacritic under the vowel.
Some Tatars speak Russian without palatalisation, which is known as a Tatar accent.
顎音結構
V (ı-lıs, u-ra, ö-rä)
VC (at-law, el-geç, ir-kä)
CV (qa-la, ki-ä, su-la)
CVC (bar-sa, sız-law, köç-le, qoş-çıq)
VCC (ant-lar, äyt-te, ilt-kän)
CVCC (tört-te, qart-lar, 'qayt-qan)
音節型態
Tatar phonotactics dictate many pronunciation changes.
Unrounded vowels may be pronounced as rounded after o or ö:
qorı /qoro/
borın /boron/
közge /közgö/
sorı /soro/)
Nasals are assimilated to following stops:
unber /umber/
mengeç /meñgeç/
Voicing may also undergo assimilation:
küzsez /küssez/
Unstressed vowels may be syncopated or reduced:
urını /urnı/
kilene /kilne/
bezne /bĕzne/
kerdem /kĕrdem/
qırğıç /qĭrğıç/
Vowels may also be elided:
qara urman /qar'urman/
kilä ide /kilä'yde/
turı uram /tur'uram/
bula almím /bul'almím/
In consonant clusters longer than two phones, ı or e (whichever is dictated by vowel harmony) is inserted into speech as an epenthetic vowel.
tekst → /tekest/
bank → /banık/ (not /bañk/)
Final devoicing is also frequent:
tabíb (doctor) → [tabíp]
語音重置主条目：Tatar alphabet和Jaŋalif
Tatar has been written in a number of different alphabets.
Writing was adopted from the Bolgar language, which used the Orkhon script, before the 920s. Later, the Arabic alphabet was also used, as well as the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets.
書寫系統
Before 1928 Tatar was written with a variant of the Arabic alphabet (Iske imla ...- 1920; Yanga imla 1920-1928).
1928年以前
In Soviet Union Tatar was written with a Latin orthography called Jaŋalif.
1927年—1938年
In Tatarstan (a republic of Russia where Tatar is most commonly used) and all other parts of Russia a Cyrillic alphabet is used to write Tatar; also in Kazakhstan.
西里爾字母化
一套基于拉丁字母的系统在2000年以后主要被使用在鞑靼斯坦共和国并且主要出现在Internet上，但是由于俄罗斯的法律规定所有的俄罗斯语言必须用西里尔字母书写，最近已经不那么常见了。
現代拉丁字母
Tatar language on Ethnologue
鞑靼语 在开放式目录中 （英文）
鞑靼语 在开放式目录中 （鞑靼语）
Tatar dictionaries 在开放式目录中 （英文）
Web directory 在开放式目录中 （鞑靼语）
Tatar.Net
外部链接
Information about Tatar writing
Tatar tele turında säxifä (Tatar dili hakkinda sahife)
Tatar.com.ru: Tatar language course （俄文）
鞑靼语研究
Tatar mailing list （英文）
Tatar forum（鞑靼语）
IRC channel #tatar on the FreeNode network
論壇
Tatar poetry（鞑靼语）
Tatar myths, including the story of tt:Şüräle （俄文）
Tatar library
Links to other Tatar language resources
Tatars' history in the Turkic world perspective (Volga Bulgars links are under the "History" and "Genetics" tabs)
歷史及文學
English-Tatar dictionary
Tatar-Russian-English dictionary
